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Firearms law in the United States at a glance

Documents, NFA items, storage and deadlines: federal US firearms law as Waffenschrank knows and applies it, each statement with its source. State law varies, and the page points out where it governs.

  • Updated
  • Law as of
  • 6 min read
  • 21 sources

This overview in the app

This page is generated from the same catalogs Waffenschrank works with. Whatever it says, the app shows in the same words where it applies — with permits, deadlines and storage locations. When an entry changes, it changes in both places — in the app with the next update.

At a glance #

Report after acquisition
No single deadline in days in the catalog — see the deadlines below for specific cases
Report after transfer
No single deadline in days in the catalog — see the deadlines below for specific cases
Recurring review
Recertification dueevery 3 years · Carry permit (state) · NY Penal Law § 400.00(10)(b),(d)

Permits #

Permits (United States)
Permit or documentValidityRecurring obligation
FFL Type 03 (Collector of Curios & Relics)limited validity—
FFL, other types 01–11 (federal firearms license)limited validity—
Purchase/possession permit (state)varies by document—
Carry permit (state)varies by documentexample: recertification every 3 years for carry, otherwise every 5 years
Qualification certificate (state)varies by document—
Hunting license (state)limited validity—
Federal Duck Stamplimited validity—

Quota #

No quota and no federal registry: 18 U.S.C. § 926(a) expressly prohibits any nationwide system of registration of firearms, owners or transactions. Private individuals are under no federal record-keeping duty — your holdings are documented here, not calculated and not reported. NFA items (among others suppressors, short-barreled rifles and shotguns (SBR/SBS), machine guns, AOWs, destructive devices) are the exception: under the statute they are registered with the ATF (26 U.S.C. § 5841). On 9 October 2026 the ATF announced that it will no longer require approval, registration or a tax stamp for suppressors, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and AOWs — for anyone. The statute (26 U.S.C. §§ 5841, 5861) and the regulations (27 CFR §§ 479.62, 479.84) are unchanged, and the policy can be withdrawn. Machine guns and destructive devices remain fully covered; federal background checks, approval for moving SBRs/SBSs across state lines (ATF Form 5320.20) and state laws still apply. If the policy is withdrawn, an item made or acquired without registration cannot simply be registered afterwards — under the unchanged statute, possessing it is a felony (26 U.S.C. § 5861(d); 27 CFR § 479.101(b)). Where a state ties possession to federal registration, the safe course is to keep registering. A state may require a purchase permit (e.g. FOID or permit-to-purchase).

Proof of need #

No proof of need: neither for acquisition nor for continued possession does federal law require evidence of club membership, training or competition. A training log is pure self-documentation here — useful for insurance, maintenance intervals and training planning, not as proof towards any authority.

Storage #

No federal standard: federal law sets no safe requirement, container classes or quantity limits. 18 U.S.C. § 922(z) obliges only licensed dealers, manufacturers and importers to hand over a secure gun storage or safety device with a handgun — it does not oblige the owner to use it. Certification as a Residential Security Container to UL 1037 is common in the market but nowhere mandatory under federal law; in California it is one of the two routes to the state's minimum standard for gun safes (Cal. Penal Code §§ 16610, 23650; Cal. Code Regs. tit. 11, § 4100). Storage duties exist only under state and local law (among others CA, CT, MA, OR, RI plus child-access-prevention laws) — the law of your state governs.

The app does not list container classes for your country — your country’s storage rules and your authority prevail.

Legal deadlines (United States)
DeadlineWhat appliesSource
Keep an eye on state permitsThere is no federal ownership license, but many states require their own documents (e.g. FOID, CCW permit, hunting license). Record them under Permits with an expiry date — the app reminds you automatically.State law
C&R collectors (03 FFL): keep the bound bookType-03 licensees only: record acquisitions by the next business day and dispositions within 7 days in the A&D book.27 CFR § 478.125(f)
NFA firearms across state lines: get approval firstTransporting a destructive device, machine gun, short-barreled shotgun or short-barreled rifle in interstate commerce requires prior written authorization (27 CFR § 478.28(b)). Suppressors and AOWs are not named in the rule. The request states the firearm, the need, the approximate date, the current and destination locations, the mode of transport and evidence that possession is lawful at the destination (27 CFR § 478.28(a)). Licensees qualified under the NFA need no separate authorization (27 CFR § 478.28(c)).27 CFR § 478.28
Report a loss or theft right awayFederal law: if a registered NFA firearm is lost or stolen, the person losing possession must report it to ATF immediately upon discovery (27 CFR § 479.141). Licensees, including Type 03 collectors for their collection, must report a theft or loss within 48 hours to ATF and also to the local police (27 CFR § 478.39a). Many states require every owner to report to the police within a short time — Connecticut within 72 hours (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53-202g), Washington within 24 hours (RCW 9.41.368), Maryland within 72 hours of discovery for handguns and other regulated firearms (Md. Code, Pub. Safety § 5-146). Check your state's deadline right away; this app does not track it.27 CFR §§ 479.141, 478.39a
Estate: transfer NFA firearms before probate closesThe executor or personal representative may possess the decedent's NFA firearms (such as suppressors, machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns) only while the estate is in probate. No later than the close of probate, the executor must apply to transfer them – to a beneficiary tax-exempt on ATF Form 5, to anyone else on Form 4, each with proof of appointment, the death certificate and the will (27 CFR § 479.90a). The regulation sets no number of days. The transferee may take possession only after approval (26 U.S.C. § 5812(b)). Federal law sets no deadline for ordinary firearms; states may set their own. On 9 October 2026 the ATF announced that it no longer requires approval, registration or a tax stamp for suppressors, SBRs, SBSs and AOWs; the statute and regulations are unchanged, the policy can be withdrawn, machine guns and destructive devices remain fully covered, and state law still applies. If it is withdrawn, an unregistered item cannot simply be registered afterwards (27 CFR § 479.101(b)).27 CFR § 479.90a(a)

Recurring reviews #

Recurring reviews (United States)
ReviewIntervalSource
Recertification due
Carry permit (state)
every 3 yearsNY Penal Law § 400.00(10)(b),(d)

Fully automatic and military semi-automatic firearms #

Fully automatic firearms #

A firearm capable of fully automatic fire is a “machinegun” (26 U.S.C. § 5845(b)). Transferring or possessing one is prohibited (18 U.S.C. § 922(o)), except for machineguns lawfully possessed before the provision took effect on 19 May 1986 and registered in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (26 U.S.C. § 5841); state law may prohibit more.

Military semi-automatic rifles #

Waffenschrank does not cover the legal status of this type of firearm for this country.

Status and sources

Law as of

Oldest check date, in our register of legal provisions, among the provisions cited here.
Page updated
Legal text

Further reading